An Effective Way For Small Business Owners - 780 Words

The most effective way for small business owners to be sure that they are aware of their company’s financial status is to have an accurate balance sheet that reflects the most current information available. By keeping this information up to date every quarter, you can help yourself avoid a lot of problems and surprises down the road. A balance sheet provides you with an at-a-glance summary of your company’s financial health as of a specific day. It is broken down into what the business’s assets are, what the business’s liabilities are, and the amount of owner or shareholder equity. The balance sheet gets its name from the fact that the assets must be balanced by and equal to the liabilities plus the equity. Some business owners have†¦show more content†¦Current liabilities include accounts payable, sales and payroll taxes, payments on short-term business loans such as a line of credit, and income taxes. Long-term liabilities are those that are paid over a longer period of time, generally over more than a year. These include mortgages and leases, future employee benefits, deferred taxes and long-term loans. Understanding the Equity Portion of the Balance Sheet When entering information onto the equity portion of the balance sheet, you should include the value of any capital stock that has been issued, any additional payments or capital from investors beyond the par value of the stock, and the net income that has been kept by the business rather than distributed to owners and shareholders. In order to be sure that all of the information on the balance sheet is correct, you can double-check your numbers by subtracting assets from liabilities – the result should equal the equity amount. For more information on how to structure a balance sheet, check out this website: sample balance sheet. The Value of a Balance Sheet At first glance a balance sheet may look like an incomprehensible collection of numbers, but once you understand all of the various components and how they relate to one another, they will provide you with the opportunity to detect trends and spot issues before they become problems. Your balance sheet can alert you to: Times when inventory is outpacing revenue, thusShow MoreRelatedHow to Use Social Media for Small Business Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesprobably the most cost effective marketing tool available that allowed businesses to manage brand reputation, advertise, served customer, broadcast, and network (Fine, 2010). The social media has become a widespread phenomenon and global trend because of the popularity of Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and Facebook (Hinchcliffe Kim, 2012). In the recent study conducted by LinkedIn, 94% of small businesses use social media as a marketing tool and 49% use it for research to grow business (Weiss, 2014). TheRead MoreKnowledge of Accounting System as Effective Tools in the Decision-Making of Micro Enterprises1343 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, on July of year 2009, the International Accounting Standards’ Board (IASB) released the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium-Sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) . Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) encompass 99.6% of all registered business in the country and occupy 70% of the labor force (Department of Trade and Industry [DTI], 2010). This makes them an essential unit in the economical aspect of the country. Also, according to DTI, their major role entailsRead MoreConcept Of Culture For Organizational Business1519 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of the concept of culture for organizational business, we first must identify the two theories of culture theory and organizational theory. 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When founding a new business, there is alwaysRead MoreEssay On Small Business781 Words   |  4 PagesOrder 2 Are Small Businesses Getting The Most Out Of Technology For Their Social Media Marketing? One of the best things about being a small business in this day and age is that there is really nothing stopping that business from competing with the biggest players on the market stage. In the past, the behemoths had a built-in advantage in terms of marketing, simply because they could afford it. There was no way that a small company could possibly spend the kids of money needed to use traditionalRead MoreSmall Business Loans : Small Businesses And Star Ups Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesSmall Business Loans When you want to start a business you need capital in order to run and steer the business to profitability. There are many sources of financing start-up and small businesses can tap into to get started. Financing usually varies depending on the source of financing as well as the size and type of business you want to run. However, the process of securing funds to start a business is fraught with many challenges. This problem has been compounded by the fact that many traditionalRead MoreBusiness Financing For Small Businesses Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesSmall Business Loans Starting a business requires capital so as to run and steer the business to profitability. There are many sources of financing tailored to meet the needs of start-ups and small businesses. Business financing usually varies depending on factors such as source of funds and the size and type of business. The process of securing funds can also be problematic for most start-ups and small business because of the unwillingness of most traditional banks to provide funds to small borrowersRead MoreTime Management Tips For Employers953 Words   |  4 PagesEmployers If you are an employer and small business owner, time management becomes critical for making the most of your business, achieving your goals and even fostering loyalty from customers and employees. The following five time-saving tips will help you get more done in your available time without generating stress or working 80-hour weeks. 1. Planning Your Work Planning your work is the most important strategy for effective time management. The small business owner can t do everything personallyRead MoreEssay about Employee Motivation1702 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers apply to their jobs. In the increasingly competitive business environment of recent years, finding ways to motivate employees has become a pressing concern for many managers. In fact, a number of different theories and methods of employee motivation have emerged, ranging from monetary incentives to increased involvement and empowerment. Employee motivation can sometimes be particularly problematic for small businesses, where the owner often has spent so many years building a company that he/sheRead MoreSuccess And Success : An Analysis Of Startup Business1124 Words   |  5 PagesStartup businesses should consider that a successful business marketing plan has little to do with a gut feeling or a hunch; it is rather based on sound market research. A competitive advantage will be given to any small business that realizes this. This is not however, where entrepreneurs focus there attentions. Even though well done market research is crucial for understanding the competition, most entrepreneur ideas center on entrepreneur business opportunities and creating successful products. If

Health Promotion Community Project Paper - 3894 Words

Health Promotion/Community Health Project and Paper Focus Group of Forest Park Howard Mohr Community Center After-School Program Forest Park, IL By Susan Reighard Population Health Loyola University New Orleans Online Course Instructor: Dr. Angelique White-Williams May 2010 Health Promotion/Community Health Project and Paper: Focus Group of Forest Park Howard Mohr Community Center After-School Program, Forest Park, IL The purpose of this paper is to summarize and detail the observations, interventions, and activities performed at the After-School Program held daily at the Howard Mohr Community Center in Forest Park, IL. The activities listed were instituted in order to promote health and prevent disease to the aggregate†¦show more content†¦Community Strength One strength noted while talking with the people of the area is that many of the residents have lived here for many years. They were born and raised in the area and have extended family living in the community. Another strength noted is that there are hospitals and clinics nearby. Loyola University Medical Center is located in Maywood just west of Forest Park. Loyola University offers specialized adolescent services through the Ronald McDonald Children’s Hospital that focus on eating disorders including obesity, (Loyola University, 2010). Forest Park has an active community center that offers and sponsors a variety of activities and programs for the residents of the area, including the after-school program for school-aged children. Forest Park has an extensive bus system and train station that supports the transportation needs of the residents. All senior citizens are granted free bus and train passes in the Chicago area. Low income families can apply for free or reduced fares on the bus and train system. Forest Park is adjacent to River Forest and Oak Park, two other small Chicago suburb villages. Forest Park, River Forest, and Oak Park share some municipal services to help contain maintenance costs and to provide more services to their residents. Oak Park residents also utilize the HowardShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Of The Knowledge And Skills Acquired During Semester Graduate Nursing Core And Specialty Curriculum Content842 Words   |  4 Pagesto patient situations by participating in discussion questions and preparing papers. Also, it was known that theory is what guides research to better patient care. Pathophysiology was really the building block for the makeup of the human body. One has to be proficient in knowing how different systems in the body function and how they can be affected by other processes. By reading the provided textbooks, writing papers, and participating in discussion with other classmates, my knowledge of pathophysiologyRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And The Health Ministries Association1272 Words   |  6 PagesNurses Association (ANA) and the Health Ministries Association (HMA) have described Faith Community Nursing (FCN) as a form of a specialized nursing practice carried out by a nurse within a faith community (American Nurses Association Health Ministries Association, 2012). The role played by the FCN is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illnes s and injury, and respond to distress regarding the practice beliefs and the values of a faith community. The FCN emphases on the purposefulRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And Health Ministries Association1364 Words   |  6 PagesNurses Association (ANA) and Health Ministries Association (HMA) have described Faith Community Nursing (FCN) as a form of a specialized nursing practice carried out by a nurse within a faith community (American Nurses Association Health Ministries Association, 2012). The role played by the FCN is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, and respond to distress regarding the practice beliefs and the values of a faith community. The FCN emphases on the purposefulRead MoreBreastfeeding For The Pediatric Population1360 Words   |  6 Pagesimplement the promotion of breastfeeding may pose many benefits for the well-bring of their clients such as; maternal and child bonding and health protection, c hild growth and development, and family and society protection (Bomer-Norton, 2014, p.88). 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To further define, nursing can be called upon to treat not only one individual, but a group of individuals, or a community. In my personal experience, I have worked almost exclusively with one individual, however I feel my philosophy could be applied to groups and communities as well. For the purposes of this paper, I will refer to the entity receiving nursing care as the client. The health and well-being of a clientRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1160 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy of nursing is the health and well-being of the entity seeking nursing care. To further define, nursing can be called upon to treat not only one individual, but a group of individuals, or a community. In my personal experience, I have worked almost exclusively with one individual, however I feel my philosophy could be applied to groups and communities as well. For the purposes of this paper, I will refer to the entity receiving nursing care as the client. The health and well-being of a clientRead MoreHealth Of Health And Human Services1443 Words   |  6 Pages Nursing 400 Community Health Dr Amara August 31, 2015 Overview: Healthy People The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with the responsibility of meeting the health needs of the citizenry. To achieve this feat, the department established the Healthy People project, which provides a framework for public health prevention priorities and actions

Westboro Baptist “Church” Free Essays

The pseudo-religious â€Å"ministry† of Westboro Baptist Church has been in existence since 1955. Based on its own propaganda, this group is anti-homosexual, anti-american, and basically anti-everything. Subheadings on this site include â€Å"God Hates The World† and â€Å"America is Doomed†. We will write a custom essay sample on Westboro Baptist â€Å"Church† or any similar topic only for you Order Now This organization has used the method of protest and public assembly to get their message out. This message combines typical elements for fear mongering, scapegoating and unsubtle calls to action that are endemic to hate groups of all kinds. The site uses provocative language and obnoxious methodology (such as picketing funerals) to call attention to their efforts. That the group uses the vehicle of Christian religion to frame their nonsense is offensive not only to those who would abhor an anti-gay message in general, but also to those who espouse true religion and, while they may not condone or agree with certain lifestyles, understand that it is, according to all Judeo-Christian doctrine, not their place pass judgment. Since the early 1990s, this group has been attempting to spread their â€Å"message† through protests (they claim 34,000 to date) that take place at any public situation that is subject to media attention. This includes funerals of military personnel, and openly gay citizens. They carry signs with provocative, insulting language, and personify hate and ignorance wherever they go. Interestingly, the focus appears to be on criticizing those things they disagree with (Homosexuality, War, etc. ) yet they offer no remedy or hope of salvation. They claim that their Church is that hope, but make no attempt to suggest a course of action that would mitigate the perdition to which they seem to feel the world is doomed. In sum, this group seems to be nothing more than an organization dedicated to the preaching of hate and condemnation of all things American. As is typical, while criticizing the United States for its tolerance of differing viewpoints, Westboro unashamedly takes advantage of the First Amendment to protect their right to spew such hatred in public venues. The reactions of individuals to this group’s methodology and methods seem to be universally negative. Even those who might agree with the sentiments do not condone the manner in which they are expressed. Those who disapprove of this group’s message fall generally into two groups: those who don’t condemn the gay lifestyle or U. S. War in Iraq, and those who may or may not so condemn, but abhor the manner in which their religious beliefs and holy book are misused to promote this group’s agenda. Of the two, religious people seem to have the strongest reaction against Westboro. The reason for this reaction is very simple. The group not only misrepresents Christian doctrine, is besmirches the reputation of all Christianity by painting the religion and its God as vengeful, hate-filled, and mean-spirited. Most Christians believe that their faith is founded fundamentally upon love and forgiveness, to elements notably absent from Wesboro’s philosophy. In fact, the very name of their website invokes an attitude that is contradictory to the teachings of most Christian churches. The idea that â€Å"God Hates†¦Ã¢â‚¬  anyone or anything other than sin is laughably inconsistent with the scripture from which adherents to Westboro draw their â€Å"inspiration†. The â€Å"saving grace† of this entire organization is their apparent lack of any goal at all. Other than shouting about whom and what God hates, the group suggests no specific action. They do not directly advocate violence (although they rejoice in it), they do not ask for repentance, they simply carry signs and tell us who God hates today. This group is as pointless as it is obnoxious. Comparisons to the KKK and other hate organizations fall short fort the simple reason that these other groups, no matter how loathsome and despicable, at least seem to have some purpose to their work. The Westboro group seems intent on doing nothing more that yelling about how terrible everything is, and suggesting that we have all brought these conditions on ourselves one way or another. The twisted use of scripture that this group utilizes is equally troubling. The passages used are taken out of context, and distorted in order to express a viewpoint. As an example, the website uses Romans 9:13 as a justification for hatred, while ignoring the context of the entire letter (from Paul to the Romans), which is a dissertation on God’s mercy. The use of provocative language, cited by one of the â€Å"feelings† reactions has, as was pointed out, no value beyond shock and marketing. The language of hate targets those who feel hate and desire a venue by which they can shout it for all to hear without fearing judgment from their social peers. The fact that they use this terminology merely broadcasts the notion that this group is convinced of its own righteousness, and that no amount of rational discourse can be employed to change their minds. The short response to this group is simple: â€Å"Never argue with crazy people. † As Mark Twain put it, â€Å"Don’t try to teach a pig to read. It wastes your time and annoys the pig. † Nobody on either side of the real issues that this group prates about pays any attention to what they say. As such, they are reduced to background noise, and serve as a representative example that no bottom has yet to be found to the well of human stupidity. They are obnoxious, but harmless. How to cite Westboro Baptist â€Å"Church†, Papers

European Union Agency Network and Information Security

Question: Discuss about the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security. Answer: The case study is developed for European Union Agency for Network and Information Security which is commonly referred to as ENISA and is a centre that looks after the security across the entire EU and associated entities. The case study is spread over seven chapters in which the first two chapters talk about the basic aim and purpose of the case study such as the threat information that as associated with ENISA and the requirements of a threat landscape. The third chapter lists the top threats that took place in the year 2014 and resulted in the violation of security. There are a number of agents that become the medium or the carriers of attacks and the same have been covered in the fourth chapter of the case study. There are a number of attack workflows and attack patterns that are seen and these form the attack vectors that are discussed in chapter five followed by the discussion of emerging technologies in the sixth chapter. The last chapter described the various elements that are acquired through the case study in the form of the lessons and also includes an overall conclusion of the case study along with the areas of improvements (Enisa, 2016). Security Infrastructure Depicted through Diagram ENISA Security Infrastructure Diagram ENISA is not an organization or a firm that is confined to a particular location or an area. However, it is spread over a huge number of entities and has a number of components present under it. The security infrastructure associated with ENISA is therefore spread across many levels and covers the security aspects at each level through the mechanisms of security that must be applied over the same. There are applications and components along with the services that are associated in the security infrastructure of ENISA and the involvement of the Government and regulatory policies cannot be ignored either. All of these entities together form the security infrastructure that has been shown above. Insider Threats Steps to Mitigate Insider threats are common to the threats that have been listed in regards to ENISA and the components that are associated with it. The following strategies can be executed and applied to control these threats. There are a number of technical controls and measures that must be applied as per the change in the technology. There must be a team that must be deployed for assessing the human behavior and the deviations found if any. This study can give a lot of detail regarding the employee and his or her intent. Not all the insider threats are deliberate in nature and there are many that are accidental and are caused due to an error or inappropriate knowledge about a particular tool or activity. The employees should be involved in the trainings to make them aware about the security aspects and the severity of their actions in case of a fault (Musthaler, 2016). Audits must be carried out from time to time to keep a check on the user behavior. The privileges and the accesses that are provided to the employee must be dissolved immediately when the services of the employee are terminated (Cert, 2016). Web Based Attacks Most Significant The most significant attack that has been evaluated out of the listed top threats in the case study is the web based attack and occurrences. These attacks are significant as their probability and likelihood is the maximum. Web is something that is being used by a majority of the users for home and business purposes. There is endless number of web based applications that the users use for their personal and professional tasks (Ko Dorantes, 2016). Due to such marked presence over the web, there are a number of entry points that are created for the attackers and they can utilize the same for introducing their attack. Injection attacks, confidentiality attacks, network attacks, integrity attacks and availability attacks are some of the web based attacks that are a common occurrence in case of ENISA (Amato, 2016). Also, the threat agents in case of the web based attacks are also numerous and therefore it becomes troublesome to put a check on each and every entity. The ease of occurrence and the difficulty to prevent and control the attacks are the two primary reasons that make the web based attacks as the most significant attack out of all the ones that are listed. Agents of Threat and the Controlling their Impact The first kind of the threat agents are the cyber criminals who are human and non-human entities that are the carriers of the threat and have a malicious intent involved with their activity. Social engineering attacks and social hacking issues are very significant and are caused by the social hackers as the threat agents behind the same. There are many threats that have a motive that is political in nature and these are caused by the Hacktivists as the threat agents. Cyber intelligence and capabilities exist with many of the Nation States that also act as one of the primary threat agents. The workforce that is involved with the organization can also be a threat agent and may give rise to all the insider threats that take place (Casey, Koeberl, Vishik, 2010). A number of controls can be applied in terms of the security to put a check on and reduce the impact of the threat agents that have been described above. These include the involvement of the administrative staff so that the administrative controls can be applied. Physical security and physical controls must also be applied so that the impact of the threat agents can be reduced. Many of the advanced and automated tools can also be utilized so that the impact of the threat agents can be nullified. Issue of Social Hacking Social media and the presence of the users on numerous social media platforms is a common phenomenon in the present era. The same gives rise to the social hacking issues that have emerged as a serious cause of concern in the world of security and privacy. Social hackers make use of the details of the users that are present on the social platforms and utilize them to draw out some patters or meaningful information. There are some users that intentionally or unintentionally do not put the privacy controls on their information and thus private information is easily retrieved by the social hackers. The same results in the social engineering attacks and a number of integrity and confidentiality attacks by making use of the data and information that is acquired. There are many cases of fraud and identity thefts that also take place through the social platforms and the impact of the same are extremely severe (Wood, 2016). These social hackers are especially skilled for the task and make use of the loopholes and their knowledge to make misuse of the information that they acquire or pass on the same to the entity that hires them for the activity to be executed. Threat Probability Trends that were Inferred High Probability Threats in the year 2014 Low Probability Threats in the year 2014 New Threats introduced in the year 2014 Identity Theft or Fraud Malicious threats such as attack of viruses, worms and likewise Security and data breaches (Nichols, 2016) Phishing attacks Web application and web based attacks such as injection attacks Leakage of the information or data during transfer Cyber Espionage Availability attacks such as denial of service attacks Rogueware Spamming Botnets Explore Kits Insider threats or attacks are the newly seen threat that is mainly executed by the employees as the threat agents and may include the violation of identity or access to a particular area or information, exposure of information to unauthorized entities and likewise. These types of threats may or may not be deliberate in nature. Due to these threat being new in nature, the control and prevention measures associated with them have not yet been devised and it has come up a new issue for the security teams and departments to deal with. ETL Processes Areas of Improvements ETL procedure could have been enhanced by including the propelled security systems in the security foundation. There are countless applications that are included with ENISA and disregarding the security design and structure that is taken after; there are incessant dangers and assaults that are seen. It is recommended to consolidate the moved security countermeasures in the ETL techniques. Encryption is one of the key measures that should be grasped to keep up a key separation from and keep all the security perils that are associated with the systems. Encryption of data still, data in-development and the data of the applications is an absolute necessity. Sharing of data on the interpersonal association applications or by method for Bluetooth is an ordinary framework that is taken after. Use of un-secured applications should be stopped the customer's end to avoid the perils that happen in the midst of information sharing. Use of contraption passwords, for instance, swipe outline, pin l ock or watchword to guarantee the device should be engaged at all times. Passwords can in like manner be put on the applications. Auto-wipe is another measure that should be enabled which wipes off the data after a particular number of failed tries. Confirmation based character and usage of bio-estimations similarly enable suitable realness and endorsement. It is additionally important to incorporate the survey, outputs and observing of the procedures and segments that are included to ensure that the security dangers don't happen. There must be an arrangement of procedures in the request as essential, institutionalized, excused and dynamic that must be incorporated (Microsoft, 2016). List of Challenging Threats and Attacks Web based attacks that have been discussed and described above can be challenging for ENISA due to their vastness and the trouble that would be involved to control them. The threat agents are also countless in number and therefore there can be some extremely severe impacts of these attacks (Panetta, 2016). Threats that are associated with the data sources and data storage can also be very challenging for ENISA. There are many entities that are associated with ENISA and the data that is involved is also collected and dealt with many different sources. These data sources may or may not be secure in nature and the challenge would be of another level in case of the sources being external in nature. There would be difference of policies and practices that would be negotiated and brought to common terms. Also, the data is stored at many locations and the security of all these storage points may also be very challenging. Data and security breaches are the third form of threats and attacks that are difficult to curb. These breaches exist due to presence of a number of entry points for the intruders and the attackers and therefore the possibility of putting a check on the same can be very troublesome. Network attacks are also very common in case of the security attacks and are also difficult to control as there are a number of nodes that are present on the network which can be used by the attackers to introduce the attack. ENISA Security State and the Required Improvements Current State The security state of ENISA is not very great in terms of the required security measures that should be present. It is because of the reason and the conclusions that can be extracted from the case study that there have been numerous efforts put in by the security experts. However, they have not succeeded in putting a complete check on the security and the threats such as data breaches, web based attacks and many others are on an increasing pace (Aws, 2016). It is therefore extremely necessary to introduce and implement improved security measures in the security infrastructure of ENISA. Suggested Improvements Use of biometrics based identification and encrypted information especially during the transfer is highly recommended in order to maintain and improve the security aspects that are associated with ENISA. Apart from these, the latest technical and physical controls must be applied across all the entry and exit points and the administrative controls should also be updated regularly. It is also essential to not ignore the basic level of security that must be present all throughout along with the latest and improved security measures. Use of one time passwords, single sign on, single sign offs, network scans, activity logs, session logs, multi layer authentication etc are also recommended to improve the current state of security in ENISA. References Amato, N. (2016). The hidden costs of a data breach. Journal of Accountancy. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2016/jul/hidden-costs-of-data-breach-201614870.html Aws,. (2016). Overview of Security Processes. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-security-whitepaper.pdf Casey, T., Koeberl, P., Vishik, C. (2010). Threat agents. Proceedings Of The Sixth Annual Workshop On Cyber Security And Information Intelligence Research - CSIIRW '10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1852666.1852728 Cert,. (2016). Insider Threat Best Practices. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.cert.org/insider-threat/best-practices/ Enisa,. (2016). ENISA draws the Cyber Threat Landscape 2014: 15 top cyber threats, cyber threat agents, cyber-attack methods and threat trends for emerging technology areas ENISA. Enisa.europa.eu. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/enisa-draws-the-cyber-threat-landscape-2014 Ko, M. Dorantes, C. (2016). The impact of information security breaches on financial performance of the breached firms: An empirical investigation. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://jitm.ubalt.edu/XVII-2/article2.pdf Microsoft,. (2016). Microsoft Core Infrastructure Optimization: IT Security Processes - Best Practices for Business IT. Microsoft.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.microsoft.com/india/infrastructure/capabilities/itprocesses.mspx Musthaler, L. (2016). 13 best practices for preventing and detecting insider threats. Network World. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2280365/lan-wan/13-best-practices-for-preventing-and-detecting-insider-threats.html Nichols, A. (2016). A Perspective on Threats in the Risk Analysis Process. Sans.org. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/auditing/perspective-threats-risk-analysis-process-63 Panetta, K. (2016). Gartner's Top 10 Security Predictions 2016 - Smarter With Gartner. Smarter With Gartner. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ Wood, P. (2016). Social hacking: The easy way to breach network security. ComputerWeekly. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Social-hacking-The-easy-way-to-breach-network-security

Absolute Underezding Essays - Epistemology, Belief, Reality

Absolute Underezding An elephant was brought to a group of blind men who had never encountered such an animal before. One felt a leg and reported that an elephant is a great living pillar. Another felt the trunk and reported that an elephant is a great snake. Another felt a tusk and reported that an elephant is like a sharp ploughshare. And so on. And then they all quarreled together, each claiming that his own account was the truth and therefore all the others false (traditional parable). None of the accounts that the blind men made about the nature of the elephant are absolute truths, nor are the accounts false. An absolute truth, or one that is true for all, can not be achieved because of the conezt motion of circumezces of who said it, to whom, when, where, why, and how it was said. Instead of absolute truths, the concepts or beliefs that the blind men claim are viewpoints that each one clarifies the nature of the elephant. Everybody has learned to see things from his or her own sense of reason and logic. The many things that people experience throughout their lifetimes, help to determine the judgments toward the different issues and objects that they encounter. Because individuals has his or her own sense of reason and logic, the perceptions that people encounter are ultimately true, and not false. Life does not contain one truth for any idea or object, but truths can be found in one's perception. It is difficult to determine that anything is the absolute truth. One should not prove that any object contains a true meaning, but should develop conceptions surrounding the object. Attempting to prove anything then would be difficult, if not impossible. Our senses from smell to values to reality may differ from person to person. What may be true to one person may be different for another. Because everybody has different perceptions about life, it is difficult to weigh the content of any concept. Every account, of its own, is formed to be the truth of the one individual who assumes it. The variety of concepts may have the virtue of being considered. This is how people develop a deeper sense of underezding for all objects. Truth is achieved through the concept and not the object itself. Because many individuals hold different perceptions, they have many truths to consider, or not to consider. For example, it would be impossible to determine, whether or not, the cutting of trees is either "good" or "bad." One might have the conception that cutting trees destroys homes for birds and other animals. Another person might have the conception that cutting trees is necessary to satisfy the need to provide homes for humans. Whatever concept is understood from the object, may be the truth. Just because there may be other viewpoints to this situation, does not mean that there has to be false statements. The tree can be used for many uses from medicine to paper to boats and none of these views would be wrong. The tree remains to be a tree, but the values of the tree can differentiate, depending on who is using it. The conception of God, or the non-conception of God, is another issue that many people make the mistake of trying to prove. A well recognized philosopher, Soren Kierkegaard states, "For if God does not exist it would of course be impossible to prove it; and if he [or she] does exist it would be folly to attempt it." Demonstrating the existence or non- existence of God only produces reasons for belief, not the actual proof that God exists. Kierkegaard also claims, "...between God and his works there exists an absolute relationship: God is not a name but a concept"( Kierkegaard 72). The relationship between man and God is a concept. A person with belief in God, cannot prove its existence through his or her own relationship with God. Kierkegaard adds again, "The works of God are such that only God can perform them" We have no basis of proving God's works, nor do we know what kind of works God uses on different individuals. Yet, some religious groups have made the mistake

Overpopulation in China Essays

Overpopulation in China Essays Overpopulation in China Paper Overpopulation in China Paper This rapid growth of the worlds population can be seen extensively in high density actions such as India, USA and particularly, China. However, there is much debate concerning the nature of the fast expanding populace of China and its impact on not only the Chinese society but also the global community. In last 50 years, China has seen the most significant increase in population growth due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity. This growth has also been attributed to a number of factors such as, an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration and depletion of resources. If fertility remained at current levels, the population loud reach the absurd figure of 296 billion in just 1 50 years (McKinney 1998). In 2010 over half of the worlds total population (3. 5 billion people) lived in cities and that percentage is expected to reach 70% (6. 2 billion people) or more by 2050. Today, there are 1 80,21 8 people (almost 4 billion) currently living in China alone, accounting for 60% of the worlds population. Thus, it has the largest population in Asia and the world as a whole. However, the immense number of people residing in cities like Beijing is creating an employment crisis in China where there are too many people ND not enough jobs. The current Chinese unemployment rate was last reported at 4. 1 % in the second quarter of 2012. Historically, from 2002 until 201 2, China unemployment Rate averaged 4. 15%reaching an all-time high of 4. 3% in December of 2003 and a record low of 3. 9% in September of 2002 (Trading Economics, 2012). Chinas job market could suffer a downturn and the government needs to step up efforts to create more positions Cabot, The Telegraph, Friday 28 September 2012). If predictions for a further increase in the population are accurate then Chinas employment situation ill become more complex and more severe, (Went, 201 2, The Official China Securities Journal). Many tactics are currently in action to decrease the population, such as Chinas One Child Policy. The one-child limitation is part of the population control policy of the Peoples Republic of China (PR). It officially restricts couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including davits, rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. Approximately 35. 9% of Chinas population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The policy was introduced in 1978 by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China and authorities claim that the policy has prevented more than 250 million births from 1980-2000 and 400 million between 1979-2011 (Roach dad Silva, Pascal 2006). The Chinese government and many environmentalists claim that population control is essential if humanity is to move on to a more sustainable track (Watts, 2011 In contrast, an article in The Age written by Peter CIA in July 2012 claims that the one child policy will not reap the desired benefits that the people of China are anticipating. He claims that the Chinese Government needs to take immediate action to change its controversial one-child policy, or face the consequences of economic and social catastrophes in the near future (CIA, 2012). Ghana Earlier (a former senior official from the Family Planning Commission) further claims that If the current policy is not changed immediately, China will face an extremely serious labor shortage and ageing problems in 20 years time. The pressure on society will be unbearable (Earlier, 2012). In contrast, an article in The Age (published 2008) states that 25 years go, China was concerned it had too many children to support. Today, however, China faces the opposite problem: as a result of the success of its One-child policy, the Country faces the prospect of having too few children to support a rapidly aging population (Kane, 2008). Thus, there is much controversy surrounding the policy in regards to its impact on overpopulation. What is more, recently in China, there has been not only a focus on the one child policy but also on smart growth, containment, urban growth boundaries, compactness, density and many other concerns. The big encores in regards to overpopulation are the size and density of a population; the ratio of population to resources; whether these resources are available and sustainable and how resources get distributed -? and these concerns are inevitably creating a real world crisis. However, overpopulation is causing a negative impact beyond just the availability of resources. It is forcing China into a State where there is a lack of renewable and non- renewable resources; diminishing sustainable food and fresh water supply; growing disease; epidemics; overcrowding and environmental pollution. Population densities are four times greater in the developing world than in the developed world. Developing nations are likely to more than triple their developed land areas by 2050 (Bee, 2012). However, because China is a developed nation yet still so heavily populated, the carbon footprint of China is even greater. The three main causes of pollution in China are industrialization; increased vehicle use and population growth. Recent statistics show that 656,000 people die per year in China from air pollution, that 50% of the earths tropical rainforests have been lost since 1947 and 88,000,000 barrels of oil are used per year for fuel, food production and the manufacturing of plastic products. An article in The Age by Matt Wade claims that China has become the largest contributor to the global increase in greenhouse gas emissions thus, causing massive air pollution. The more people consuming, the more waste results and more waste means more stress endured on the environment. Water supplies that are contaminated because of the mass amounts of waste continue to be consumed because of the human need for water to survive. Hazardous waste is also causing major lath problems which are contributing to the many diseases and illnesses affecting humans. Pollution is blamed for 300,000 deaths and 20 million cases of respiratory illness a yea (Wade, 2011) and has a direct link to overpopulation. Overpopulation and the pollution that comes as a result of it, has an impact not only on quality and quantity of human life, but also on the worlds already diminishing sustainable food supply. We are five years into a severe global food crisis that is not likely to ease until the global population has considerably declined from its likely peak of over nine billion people in 2050. One billion people were classified as undernourished by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009, and nearly a billion undernourished in each of 2007, 2008, and 201 1. 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on IIS$2/day, and food prices are rising. Experts seem to agree that we need to increase food production by somewhere between 60 100% by 2050 to sufficiently feed this many people (Granting, 2012). Food shortages are the major cause of malnutrition, susceptibility to disease, stunted growth, stunted brain power and starvation ND Chinas current situation will only get worse unless the population is quickly stabilized and an agricultural advancement is discovered. Fifth one child policy was to be relaxed, only a slight increase in average fertility would increase Chinas population and mouths to feed by hundreds of millions. Olivier De Schuster, a UN expert, argues in an article published in The Guardian that the Chinese government has gone to great lengths to ensure the worlds biggest population has enough to eat, however the countries ability to feed a fifth Of the worlds population will become tougher because f land degradation, arbitration and over-reliance on fossil-fuels and fertilizer (De Schuster, 2011 The widening rural-urban gap has hit supply and demand of food with nationwide nutrition levels rising and the growing income disparity has left sharp discrepancies in access to food. China is running out of arable farmland and water resources necessary to feed its massive population. The nation has one of the lowest ratios of arable land relative to population, and the situation has been exacerbated as industries consume scarce water resources necessary for farming. Government officials re warning that that situation is getting worse, not better (Fernando, 201 0, The Business Insider). Ghana Ping, minister of the National Development and Reform Commission claims that acute shortages of reserve farmland and water resources are now the main restraints for the country to ensure its food security.

Speech Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech - Assignment Example The Rainbow Coalition was making efforts to have all ethnic groups be represented in the government, and so Jesse Jackson was asking the people present to put aside their prejudices and stereotypes. Yet, before he calls them to that duty, he tells them that they are not perfect people. More than likely, the effect of that sentence was to make the people feel that they could not accomplish the goal even if they tried. Such imperfect people could not likely accomplish a task so great. When an individual is in a situation where their prior prejudices come to the forefront, they are more likely to remember those words and believe that they are not capable of putting aside those feelings. 2) Amplification: â€Å"There is the call of conscience, redemption, expansion, healing, and unity† (Jackson). The effect of amplification is a powerful one. By listing the goals each individual was being called to reach, Jesse Jackson created a step-by-step program that every listener was likely to feel they could follow. First, they must be conscious of the effects of their prejudices. Once they are conscious, they should then be able to redeem themselves through rectifying their mistakes and changing their ways. Next, they can expand their new outlook to those in their family and their circle of friends. They can act as a positive influence on all within their social spheres.

Response Paper 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper 5 - Essay Example The third chapter does not have ways gentle methods of controlling children in their â€Å"middle years,† but measures of living and comprehending a teenager’s way of thinking and behavior (Boston Womens Health Book Collective, 1978). This way, parents can assist their children in becoming the best of themselves. Bell emphasizes that this should not be achieved through fear or looking for approval, but through freewill. The authors’ guidance eases parenting by eliminating the struggling aspect. The third chapter entails real stories by parents and children, which frequently move the reader in terms of joy and pain. The emotional rollercoaster of the examples used eventually lead readers, especially parents, to learn that there is a kinder method of dealing with children in their middle years. The entire reading presents a communication formula for parents with children of all ages. This formula offers a combination of communication and behavioral learning skills and tools for parents. The tools allow parents to go further than their original fruitless response to a response that links and empowers children and parents (Boston Womens Health Book Collective, 1978). The problems children face during their middle years are not for them alone to deal with. This lesson pervades all through the reading. The authors emphasize the parent’s role in assisting his or her child in dealing with their problem. To handle this problem, the parent must first communicate with the child to learn about its source and effect on him or her. Acquiring problematic information from the child should certainly include realizations on the parent’s side regarding the child’s entrance into the public world. In addition, changing physically contributes to the effect or source of these problems. To help the child with them, the parent should consider

Accident Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Accident Victim Interview - Essay Example The accident victim is one of the 112 workers on the site when the accident happened. The explosion occurred in the center of the refinery, a place where bagging took place. In this place, a network of conveyer belts and elevators fed the storage facilities with the complete work. The explosion came from sugar dust explosion. He onlookers and witnesses of this fateful night explosion reported seeing flames of fire rise as high as the height of the nearby story buildings. The workers present in the building were going about their duty when the explosion occurred. Sugar dust was the explosive substance as identified by OSHA, who came into the site of the accident after two hours. The explosion weakened the entire structure especially the packaging area, which was completely dismantled by the explosion. After putting out fire, sugar that had now melted in the silos remained alight and required specialized equipment to smolder it to recover some bodies still missing. The company was shor tly shut down as heavy fines from OSHA were placed on the company because of safety violations. In addition, the company incurred heavy insurance costs and other medical bills. The accident victim sustained fatal injuries on the legs because of stepping on the molten sugar as he ran away from the explosion sight. Luckily, he fell into the river and was able to swim his way out of the river and get help quickly. His legs had to be operated on, which means that he was hospitalized for three months. After leaving the hospital, he stayed on a wheel chair for six months before he could walk again. It was only after two years that he could find a new job to do as the former company closed down. OSHA circulated some regulations to make workers aware of the risk associated with working in sugar refineries to protect them from dust explosions. Although he works at the same capacity, this victim is a changed person. He understands the regulations

Digital Divide Date (DDD) Impact

Digital Divide Date (DDD) Impact Different from other forms of entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurships priority is to promoting both social value and economic value, as well as solving social problems. Most social enterprises are self-sustaining, and they target under served, disadvantaged or broken markets. Thus social entrepreneurship creates social impact in many areas, especially successful social enterprises. Digital Divide Date(DDD) as a internationally recognized non-profit social enterprise, whose social mission is to help economically or physically disadvantaged young adults, it practiced management successfully in Cambodia and Laos. DDDs successful business model and operation, as well as its impact on society reflects that social entrepreneurship creates social impact. DDDs impact can be seen in several areas as below. Firstly, DDD educated disadvantaged young adults to learn skills and helped them to take further progress in their education. Indeed, they provided its employees with computer training and English classes, as well as gave scholarships to all employees to study for job related degree at a local university. Therefore it had impact on education, at least among its employees, in these two countries. Secondly, DDD created jobs and provided opportunities for disadvantaged youth, who were less competitive in finding jobs due to lack of education. Once recruited, employees are trained about six months before starting work. Through its internally developed training program, employees learned basic skills, as well as business-specific skills. However, after 3 or 4 years when employees graduated, most of them need to leave the company and moved to other local firms, which is a way of maximize the impact on educating more disadvantaged young adults. In this way, DDD is able to recruit and educate as many people as possible. Moreover, as the number of business clients grew, so did the employees. Thus DDD made a job creation in Cambodia and Laos. Thirdly, DDD, as a social entrepreneur, made international partnership with a French NGO in 2008. DDD co-operated with the Centre for Information Systems Training(CIST) to provide IT training scholarship to disadvantaged Cambodian youth and help them find jobs in the local IT market, as well as train DDDs employees. The partnership plan was continued and expanded, which is a way of facilitating between different companies, even between different countries. At last, to scale up DDDs social impact globally, it wanted to grow existing operation to 1500 people and expand globally, which was aim to help more people in father reaches of the world. It had several strategies, such as organic growth, partnership, joint ventures, or social franchising. However, whichever strategy it was, the mission was to help more people who were economically or physically disadvantaged through all over the world. Therefore, this kind of scaling up or growth would bring more social benefits to the society. DDD, as a social entrepreneur, although it faced operational challenge in many ways, its business model surely promoted social value, as well as economic value, since it educated people, created jobs, made a partnership with other company. In addition, its success wasnt not only just confined to Cambodia and Laos, but also international cooperation. Moreover, it also worked on solving these countries social problems, such as healthcare. In conclusion, whether it is non-profit social entrepreneur or not, as long as it is successful and its mission is to integrate social and economic value creation, it will bring social benefits to society domestically, or internationally. Moreover, one successful social entrepreneur will encourage or attract other entrepreneurs to become social. Therefore, social entrepreneurship is a way of creating social impact. 1500-2000 Words. One and a half line spacing, Arial or Times New Roman, 10, 11 or 12 Point using in text citation where relevant and appropriate. 2.01  Introduction The aim of setting up the Food Truck-Vanpire is to take our various types of meals and soft drinks to wherever we can find our target market. It could be on the beach, a picnic ground, as well as any festivals or events. Another aim is to build recognized food truck brand, which will provide people high quality and healthy food faster at a cheaper price. We will offer our customers the opportunity to either purchase our neatly packed foods or take their orders and we will prepare it. We have perfected plans not to allow our customers wait longer than necessary. At The Food Truck-Vanpire, our meals will be prepared, served and sold at a pocket friendly price, as well as environment friendly. The health of our customers and low cost are of top most priority to us. The mobile food truck is certainly not a new industry here, since Pop Washer established CBD icon The White Lady in 1948. However, the industry is much hotter than ever and we want to have a stake in this market. Our goal is grow the food truck business to have franchises all over NZ. 2.02  Research There are nearly 105 food trucks all over NZ and 44 of them located in Auckland, therefore surely that will be high competence. As a team together, we critically studied the market to know if we are truly ready to launch our mobile food truck business in Auckland. Below are summary of the SWOT and PEST analysis that was conducted on behalf of The Food Truck-Vanpire; 1. SWOT Analysis Strength: Due to the fact that the truck is a mobile food establishment, thus not being tied to a single location, will help us maximize profits at different locations. Having an eco-friendly food truck on campus or CBD during late night hours will allow students or office worker to get their hands on food without leaving the campus and having to worry about getting home or to their next destination. And it is also available to serve different food at any time and any location to meet customer needs. Weakness: The first weakness is our lacking of experience, being a new entrant, we need a lot of paper work and learning work to do before operating food truck business. The second weakness is that the food truck has limited menu selections, so that the importance of this business is offering unique food or a range of food selections. The last weakness should be permits. Due to the fact the truck will need numerous permits to be able to sell food at various locations. Opportunities: Not tying down to one location is a good opportunity for our business, since we have various locations to set down. For example; we could serve our foods and beverage in two or more different location at a day, as long as we figure out when and how move from one location to another. Unlike restaurant, if one location doesnt work well, we can choose another one to operate our business. Another opportunity is various food selection. If a type of food is not selling well, it is easy to try another type of cuisine. Threat: Like any other business we have our own threat as well. Since it is a mobile food truck, one of the threat could traffic problem in rush hours, which can delay our movement. As a result we could miss our golden time and lost our customer in our intend area. Another threat we could face is parking. Indeed it is difficult to find a place to park at some locations, which means we cannot sell food at all. The last threat is the government policies, which could also pose a great threat to the mobile food truck industry. 2. PEST Analysis Political Food trucks have become a wildly popular and important part of the hospitality industry, and they are more environment friendly than any other food industries. So that since food truck first started in NZ, government opened many channels to food truck business and there are well established guidelines provided by Auckland Council. With the growing of food truck industry, as long as the trucks continues providing honest and quality food, there would be more channels and places that government would open to food trucks. Economic The food trucks attract pedestrians to commercial districts which means increased sales and a more vibrant retail business overall. By offering low-price, culturally diverse and health food for people, they give people more reasons to frequent local shopping districts. They also cooperate with festivals (events) and provide various food and drinks to participants, which brings increased sales to themselves and the organizers. Furthermore, they are more environment friendly than restaurants, which is another way of economic benefit for society. Social By offering low-cost and culturally diverse food for people, the food truck as a form of business, becomes a trend among new entrepreneurs, especially young generation, which is a way of starting a new own business. Its social value is not only creating opportunities for unemployment, but also contributing to the rise of both food and local tourism, as well as itself becomes a tour spot. Moreover, It cooperates perfectly with majority of festivals and being a apart of them gives more pleasures to the people. Technological The food truck manufacturing techniques has strongly influenced the mobile food business , which is capable for business runners design their own unique trucks, as well as IT techniques. Indeed, Smartphones and social media in particular have taken the mobile food business to a different level. Most food trucks are using the internet to keep customers informed of their locations in real-time and engage with customers. 2.03 Business Opportunity a. Low cost of entry. -compare with other food industries, food truck costs less to start the business. b. Low cost and easy market. -most food truck does market through social media, such as twitter and facebook, so that cost less than any other business. c. Mobility. -unlike restaurants, food truck can change selling location one to another, which means more opportunities to this business. d. Diverse food choices -unlike restaurants, food truck can change menu one to another easily, which means more opportunities. 2.04 Industry Hospitality Industry 2.05 Ownership General Partnership The Vanpire will be owned by three founders and operated as General partnership. 2.06 Vision Statement: To be a leading mobile fast food provider by expanding more outlets anywhere in New Zealand. Will be recognized by selling franchise in neighboring country like Australia and be known globally in which the people will value the convenience and great tastes. 2.07 Mission Statement: Our main mission is to offer a conveniently fast and mouth watering fused Asian-Western delicacy in the busy streets of Auckland. 2.08 Goals and Objectives Objectives: To provide delicious meals at the reasonable price with a taste of a fused culinary experience at the customers convenience. To be known as the leading hunger buster mobile cuisine in the streets of Auckland. Goal: To establish a profitable mobile cuisine in a way that customers satisfaction is more valued by providing clean, healthy and delicious meals. That will make customers want to return again and again. To earn $120,000 profit of business year to cover up all expenses. To be recognize member of food chain industry that will be able to expand the business opportunity by opening more branches (mobile or mall outlets) after 3 years of productive operation or by selling a franchise nationwide. 2.09 Structures, Systems and Processes Locations The Primary location of the mobile food restaurant is in the heart of Aucklands Central Business District, where the most people will be seen. The area is made up of the citys largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that will be a very important part of the food business. The target markets of the mobile food restaurants would be the residents, tourists, employees and even the passerby. The city also has an educational institution where the students are also part of the target market. Auckland is a melting pot and has a rich cultural diversity which give us the idea to fused Asian-Western cuisines. Facility   Ã‚   Truck dimensions 11H   X   25L   X   7.5W The Vanpire will be open for 7 days a week for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The shifts and the schedules will be written by one of the Manager Mr.Bo Huang. Mr.Bo Huang will be in charge in the daily work shifts and the location of the mobile food restaurant. He will plan and decide the route and area our Vanpire food truck will be situated. The storage and inventory will be the responsibility of Mr.Huang, He will ensure the freshness of the food that will come from the warehouse. He will have the checklist on the store materials and replenished the stocks regularly. To make certain of the quality of the food, Mr. Ranie Lopez will be giving in-house training to the new employees about the food hygiene and proper food handling. Setting up the list of daily menus is one of the responsibilities of Mr. Lopez. He will make sure that the food is delicious that the customers will return again and again. Health and safety of our employees and customers are important to us.Mr. Lopez will ensure that our company is 100% compliance to the New Zealand Health and Safety legislation. Ms. Rochelle Pagayonan will be handling the recruitment of the personnel. She will be handling the recruitment process, job interviews and even the pay rolls. Ms. Pagayonan will be also handling the administrative job, she will secure all the necessary licenses, permits and fees that the Vanpire food truck needs for the operations. She will liaise to every supplier from rice products up to the vegetables. Ms. Pagayonan will also create the opportunity to cater and setting up our Vanpire Food truck in any events that will be held here in Auckland, events like concerts, carnival or festivals. She will be keeping purchasing records, invoices and daily expenditures. Customer is the heart of our business and their satisfaction is valued at Vanpires food truck. They shall be greeted by our server or manager on duty at the service counter area taking the orders. Once the customers order has been taken the receipt will be passed on the cook. The cook will take the order receipt then prepare the meal. The meal must be prepared in at least 2 minutes per order and must be delivered to the customer in warm temperature. The kitchen is equipped with oven, griddle, 2 deep fryers, refrigerator, and a juice dispenser as well as a coffee maker. Three personnel will be in the shift, the cook, server and the duty manager. The Vanpire Food truck will be clean on starting shift and during the end shift. It will be job of the duty manager to drive the food truck and must be a licensed driver. The closing personnel will do the inventory and must prepare the materials that will be used next day. All the sales profit will be handled by the on duty manager. Business timings Monday   9:00am to 5:00pm Tuesday   9:00am to 5:00pm Wednesday   9:00am to 5:00pm Thursday   9:00am to 5:00pm Friday   9:00am to 5:00pm Saturday/Sundays 7:00am to 2:00pm Suppliers Suppliers gave us the reasonably best prices to support our product and daily operations. We shall be establishing good relationship with our qualified suppliers. These suppliers can deliver according to the schedule. 2.10 Target Market and Marketing Strategy Target Market Strategy The Vanpire food truck is committed to deliver high quality western and Asian food to different consumers who are around the CBD area that are looking for fast, affordable and excellent food. Even though the Food truck is designed for everybody but the biggest buyers are the young adults ages from 25-35 years old who wants fast and delicious food from the food truck not to mention that most of the people in that age are very fond in attending events like concerts and sports events. The idea of starting food truck business is to sell foods in the areas where the people find difficulties in locating nearby restaurants or people who wants fast and affordable foods. In places like flea markets, camping grounds, sports event center, music festivals, construction sites, carnival these are the components that will guide in choosing our location. Strategic options Cost leadership One of the main goal of the Vanpire food truck is to serve a healthy food for the customers at a very low price, the management meticulously choose the best supplier in the area but with a reasonable price of ingredients used for the meal so that the customers could have a fresh and healthy food. Differentiation The Vanpire Food truck is unique from other food trucks in Auckland because the concept of the food truck is a fusion of Asian and Western cuisine so that our valued customers would have something to choose from. Market Penetration The Vanpire food truck offers affordable foods below the average price of a normal food truck meal but with abundant servings that is why Vanpire lovers always keep coming back for more. However, if the sales of the food truck increase, the price of the product probably would be the same with the other food truck. Product development Every month the Vanpire food truck introduces new western and Asian cuisine for the customers to try on. However, there would be a suggestion box in the food truck and a survey form that the staff would ask kindly to the customers so that if there is any suggestions and complaints from the customers regarding the service and the products that the Vanpires offer would be heard by the management. Marketing Strategy   Ã‚   The vampire food truck marketing strategy is based on providing our customers with the most delicious western and Asian food at a very low price. We will start our first food truck as a food  truck tester. If the food truck business would make a good market we will plan to expand a few more food trucks in the future. We will create a loyalty plan for our loyal customers. For every meal that they will purchase, we will give them discounts and even freebies in celebrating our food truck anniversary every year. Social media ( i.e facebook, twitter, instagram ) is our last tactic in our marketing strategy it is where we will be announcing our schedules daily so that our valued customers would know where to find us. 2.11 Personnel Plan The Vanpire is a small business where employees are categories including a Duty Manager/Driver, Cook/Chef and Window Attendant. Mr. Huang will be the Duty Manager/Driver of the food truck. Whenever there is a last minute absence of the employees Mr. Huang and Mr. Lopez is responsible for filling the position. We assume that there would be a total of three employees. One chef and one window attendant in the food truck and one kitchen hand in the warehouse for food preparation. There would be a part-time Chef and Window attendant every weekend so that the regular staff would have their two days off every week. Two of the owners Mr. Lopez and Mr. Huang will be in attendance during business hours to supervise the food truck. Position Quantity Rate Avg Hrs Sub-total Total Duty Manager 1 Chef 1 $17.00 8 $ 136 Window attendant 1 $15.00 8 $ 120 Kitchen hand 1 $15.00 4 $ 60 Total staff cost $ 316 2.12 Critical analysis The Vanpire food truck is owned by Mr. Huang, Mr. Lopez, and Ms. Pagayonan. The main purpose of their food truck business is to deliver excellent, faster and affordable food for their customer. It is a trend nowadays to own a food truck business here in Auckland . It is an advantage to food truck businesses in events in carnival grounds, music festival grounds and even in sports event centers to sell their goods where restaurants and other food establishments are not available in the area. The starting capital of their food truck business can range to 100,000 NZD, with a reasonable amount of capital in starting up a business. The vampire food truck with their unique fusion of western and Asian delicacies can be a big hit even though there were a good amount of other food trucks in the area. 2.13 Conclusion The management is very positive that the Vanpire Food Truck can reach its goals, producing sales of approximately $120,000 by the end of the year. The Vanpires food truck management carefully considered its customer satisfaction wholeheartedly and its ability to grow its sales average to capture market share in food industry. The operational issues that we had identified which are human resource and product quality. Human resource is one of the issues an entrepreneur is facing because it is the most important part of any business. Human is a capital of any business and will not work properly without this capital. Failing to properly manage human resource will have a great effect on the business operation, cost and especially the quality of the product or the service rendered. In Human resource, delegating the right person on the right task. To be effective, human resource personnel must ensure the competency of the person by evaluating the applicants knowledge, skills and experience fit for the position. Failing to hire experienced personnel will have a great impact in time and costs. Hiring a highly competent person is not the end of human resource process. To an efficient employee the employers must provide hands on training for their new employees, skills development and performance evaluation for thei r existing employees. Poor human resources have a strong link with the product and service quality. Poor quality is one of the operational issue a company is facing. In any business the most important people are the clients or the customers and their satisfaction must be guaranteed. The life of the business is in the customers so the Quality of the product must be ensured at all times. Delivering poor quality products or services to the customers may become a problem to the organization. Customers may lose the trust on the organization and may never use the product if the product is bad. A company with poor quality product my lose their reputation as well. For an example, a construction company with a poor performance due to the poor quality of the service will have a increased in cost because of the repetition of work and delay of the time allocated to the project. Quality must be in high priority and a good input will have a good outcome. Company must ensure the quality control of their service; delegate a competent quality inspector to guarantee the quality of the product. Material to be use must be check for the quality. One of the management issues is stress management. Work related stress is normal to every company or a working person. There are many reasons why people get work related stress. Delay in schedule, conflict between situations, task overload, lack of sleep and even work relationships are the causes of work related stress. Stress management is important to every working persons even what kind of work a person is doing there will be always a stress and it is always how people react or handle it. There are many ways to management stress at work. First way to handle stress is take care of yourself first, take a lot of sleep and healthy food of course you cannot work properly if you are drained. Maintain social circle outside work, life must not revolve around work only. Always be prepared on the potential issues and prepare a contingency plan. Put first things firsts and have a to do list and work schedules to allow prioritization. Second management issue will be time management, poor time management will be stressful to every entrepreneurs. Poor time management may lead to overload of work or a delay in delivery of service. Good time management is essential to entrepreneurs and it helps them handle the priorities. Entrepreneurs must set up a prioritization from high priority to low priority and must delegate the responsibilities to his competent personnel. Making a schedule helps entrepreneurs plan and organize business activity which will aid him identify the crucial task. Entrepreneurs must have a daily checklist that will aid him to recognize things that have been already done and emphasize which activity needs attention. Creating a solid culture is a main core in every company. So every leader must consider some steps to achieve strong foundation of their company. Its not always business operations first, people second, behind every successful company there is a people behind it, who work hard every day to help achieve the companys goal. First, there would always be a transparency so that the employees will feel that they have knowledge of the companys strategy and responsibilities. For example, during monthly meetings of every department the managers would discuss the companys whereabouts, what would be the next project or if there are any issues regarding the services. Second is, every employees need to balance their work and personal life, sometimes we need to take a moment to stop and try to hit the reset button, so every manager or employer must consider their employees life, so that employees could think effectively and be productive in their work, or the company could arrange team building act ivities so that the employees could relax and have some fun at the same time. The more the employee feels happy in his life the more productive he/she is. Third, communicating to your employees. If there is an issues that needs to be discuss, it might be effective to try to gather all your employees immediately and talk to them what went wrong in a project/ or services that they offer, or you could even talk to them occasionally about their life outside work so that they would feel comfortable to open up to you. Fourth, set your organizational design into place. It is simply shows how you do things in your company. It includes communication, company policies, employee responsibilities, meetings etc. For example, every month there would be a meeting in every department? How about every section? Does it need to have meetings every month as well? What are the specific duties and responsibilities of every employee in the human resource department? If you have it designed well, every emp loyee in your company will do their jobs effectively. Fifth, the employee must feel empowered and have a sense of freedom in their work. For example, in giving guidelines it must be specific and let the employees to their best without criticizing every step that they make in doing the task. The more freedom they have on their task, however you can manage them but not too much micromanaging them, help them find solutions, the more they feel being part of the organization and contribute in the culture of the company. And lastly, in every employee individual achievement there is always a reward waiting for them. In other companies there are many dedicated and excellent employees, however, they were taken for granted for all their effort in the company, they feel left out. Sometimes, the company must give their employees some motivation to achieve their task. Company leaders must be generous to their staff, because the main foundation in every organization is the people working behind it.   References Street trading and performance. (2017). Auckland Council Web site. Retrieved July 2016, from http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/licencesregulations/streettrading/Pages/mobileshopsandstalls.aspx Street trading and performance (Auckland Council 2017) Mark Piscopo (2017). Fast Business Plans Web site. Retrieved from http://www.fastbusinessplans.com/sample-business-plans/restaurant-business-plan.html?showall=start=2 Restaurant Business Plan (Mark Piscopo 2015) Brett Lindenberg (2016). Food Truck Empire Web site. Retrieved from The Complete Breakdown of Food Truck Operation Costs Starting a food truck? (Brett Lindenberg 2016)      Ã‚  

Computer Crime :: essays research papers fc

Computer Crime: Prevention and Innovation Since the introduction of computers to our society, and in the early 80 ¡Ã‚ ¦s the Internet, the world has never been the same. Suddenly our physical world got smaller and the electronic world set its foundations for an endless electronic reality. As we approach the year 2000, the turn of the millenium, humanity has already well established itself into the  ¡Ã‚ §Information Age. ¡Ã‚ ¨ So much in fact that as a nation we find our selves out of a service economy and into an information based economy. In a matter of only a few years almost all systems are run buy computers in some way, shape, or form. We depend on them for everything. Even the smallest malfunction or glitch in a system could now cause unfathomable amounts of trouble in everything from riding the bus, having access to your money, to getting your prescription at the pharmacists. Furthermore, Icove suggested that with the price of home computers that work faster and store more memory going down every year due to comp etition in the market, it is estimated that by the year 2011 most every American home will have a PC with instant access to the Internet. With an increase in users everyday and new businesses taking advantage of perks of an alternate electronic world, this information dimension will only get bigger, more elaborate, provide more services, and we will find society as a whole more and more dependent on it. However, even in an artificial environment such as the cyberspace, it appears mankind cannot escape from its somewhat overwhelming natural attraction to wrongful behavior or criminal tendencies. In turn this alternative dimension has been infected with the same criminal behavior that plagues our physical reality. The information age has opened the doors to anti social, smart, and opportunistic people to find new and innovative ways to commit old crimes. These people are called hackers. What is the social Problem? Computer crime is the official name given to this criminal phenomenon driven by hackers. Although a solid definition of computer crime has yet to be agreed upon by scholars, it is described in a functional manner encompassing old crimes such as forgery, theft, mischief, fraud, manipulation or altering of documents; all of which are usually subject to criminal sanctions everywhere. Also included in the description or computer crime is the unauthorized invasion or trespass of data base systems of private companies or government agencies.

International Trade Payment & Finance Practice of Bangladesh

International trade is the backbone of our modern, commercial world. Producers in various nations try to profit from an expanded market, rather than be limited to selling within their own borders. There are many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower production costs in one region versus another, specialized industries, lack or surplus of natural resources and consumer tastes. This trend is attributable to the increased globalization of the world economies and the availability of trade payment and finance from the international banking community.Although banks also finance domestic trade, their role in financing international trade is more critical due to the additional complications involved. First, the exporter might question the importer’s ability to make payment. Second, even if the importer is creditworthy, the government might impose exchange controls that prevent payment to the exporter. Third, the importer might not trust the exporter to shi p the goods ordered. Fourth, even if the exporter does ship the goods, trade barriers or time lags in international transportation might delay arrival time. There are a number of methods of trade payment.Before importers and exporters decide to do business with each other they need to understand and adopt a method suitable to meet their specific needs. The contract between buyer and seller will specify the way in which payment is to be made. Certain methods of payment are less risky than others. It is up to the buyer and seller to agree on a method that suits them both. The choice of payment method is affected by several factors like requirements of the seller and buyer, relationships between the trading partners, the operating environment and associated risks, object of transaction and market conditions etc. Once acceptable risks have been determined then the most appropriate payment method can be selected.Exporters use different methods of financing international trade, depending upon the resources they have available and the transactional risk they are able to absorb. The ability to access international markets is an important strategic opportunity for manufacturers and sellers because it expands a company's customer base exponentially. International trading is much more complicated than making domestic sales, and comes with internal and external stress factors that often determine whether a company can effectively operate in the global arena.The assignment has two objectives1) To discuss conceptual issues of international trade payment and finance 2) To discuss international trade payment and finance practice of BangladeshConceptual Issues of International Trade Payment and Financing Methods To succeed in today’s global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. Because getting paid in full and on time is the ultimate goal for each e xport sale, an appropriate payment method must be chosen carefully to minimize the payment risk while also accommodating the needs of the buyer.Financing methods use a variety of trade finance products that are available to exporters to increase cash flow and reduce the risk associated with shipping products overseas. Importers and exporters usually need to resort to trade payment and financing mechanisms, coursed through third parties such as banks or specialized financial institutions that help guarantee both the payment to exporters and the delivery of products to importers.There are four common methods of payment available to firms engaged in International trade: Cash in Advance, Open Account / Supplier credit, Documentary Collection, and Documentary Credit / Letters of Credit LC. Cash in advance means payment in advance, or advance payment, refers to a situation in which the seller requests payment from the buyer before he will ship the goods. The seller only ships out the good s to the buyer after receiving the payment. With cash in advance payment terms, an exporter can avoid credit risk because payment is received before the ownership of the goods is transferred.Payment is usually made in the form of an international wire transfer to the exporter’s bank account or foreign bank draft. As technology progresses, electronic commerce will allow firms engaged in international trade to make electronic credits and debits through an intermediary bank. In cash in advance process, at first, there will be a purchase sale agreement between exporter and importer. In payment procedure there will be three steps, first, importer makes payment to the exporter. Second, exporter will make the shipment of goods and third, exporter will send the documents to the importer.1. Purchase Sale Agreement 2. Payment 3. Shipment of Goods 4. DocumentsFigure 1: Process of Cash-in-Advance There are some features of this method: interest of exporter is fully protected and interest of importer is not protected. Banks are involved in the process of transferring payment. Documents and shipments are directly handled by the exporters. There is no universally accepted regulation to guide cash-in-advance. It is guided by the purchase or sale agreement. It is one of the cheapest forms of trade payment method but it is the least popular form of trade payment method in the world. It is used in the world less than 1%.Cash-in-Advance should be used only under the following conditions: The importer is a new customer and/or has a less-established operating history. The importer’s creditworthiness is doubtful, unsatisfactory, or unverifiable. The political and commercial risks of the importer’s home country are very high. The exporter’s product is unique, not available elsewhere, or in heavy demand. The exporter operates an Internet-based business where the acceptance of credit card payments is a must to remain competitive.Open account is the reverse o f cash-in-advance, in which the goods, along with all the necessary documents, are shipped directly to the importer who has agreed to pay the exporter’s invoice at a specified date, which is usually in 30, 60 or 90 days. The exporter should be absolutely confident that the importer will accept shipment and pay at the agreed time and that the importing country is commercially and politically secure.1. Purchase Sale Agreement 2. Shipment of goods 3. Documents 4. PaymentFigure 2: Process of Open AccountIn open account method, interest of importer is fully protected and interest of exporter is not protected. Banks are involved in the process of transferring payment. Documents and shipments are directly handled by the exporters. There is no universally accepted regulation to guide open account. It is guided by the purchase or sale agreement. It is also the cheapest forms of trade payment methods. It is the most popular form of trade payment method in the world. It is used in the w orld more than 85%. Open account terms may help win customers in competitive markets and may be used with one or more of the appropriate trade finance techniques that mitigate the risk of non-payment. It helps to establish and maintain a successful trade relationship.Involvement of bank is insignificant and thus it’s not costly for the traders. Documentary collection (D/C) is the process of collection of payment by a bank on behalf of exporter from importer against documents. The importer is not obligated to pay for goods before shipment. It offers some protection to the seller. It is more secure than shipping on an open account basis but less secure than using a letter of credit or an advance payment. In documentary collection process, the very initial step is contract between exporter and importer where it is decided that payment will be collected against documents.Next step is shipment of the goods and preparation or collection of the documents by the exporter. After colle ction and preparation of documents exporter is supposed to submit documents along with a set of collection instruction at the counter of Remitting Bank. Remitting Bank is the bank at the counter of which documents are submitted by exporter to collect payment from importer on its behalf. Remitting Bank generally collects payment and forward documents using the service of collecting and/or presenting bank.Presenting bank is the bank that presents documents to the importer. And collecting bank is the bank that is involved in the process of documentary collection. Then as per the collection instruction importer receives documents either DP (Documents against payment) or DA (Documents against acceptance). Then the importer will release the goods against documents and exporter will receive payment either immediately or as per the accepted terms through banking channels.Figure 3: Process of Documentary CollectionIn this method, interest of importer is protected and interest of exporter is better protected than Open account. It is guided by the purchase-sale agreement and URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collections). URC is published by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) under the document number 522 (URC 522). All the banks involved in the documentary collection are the agent of exporters. Documentary Collection process could be risky for the exporter, if documents are not received by the importer. The exporter’s bank (remitting bank) and the importer’s bank (collecting bank) play an essential role in Documentary Collection process. Although the banks control the flow of documents, they neither verify the documents nor take any risks.It is considered to be one of the cost effective methods of evidencing a transaction for buyers, where documents are manipulated via the banking system. With documentary collection transactions, the exporter has little recourse against the importer in case of non-payment. Thus, documentary collection should be used only und er the following conditions: The exporter and importer have a well-established relationship. The exporter is confident that the importing country is politically and economically stable. An open account sale is considered too risky, and an LC is unacceptable to the importer.Documentary Credit or Letters of Credit (L/C) is the commitment, guaranty or undertaking by a bank on behalf of importer to the exporter about the payment of certain amount subject to the fulfillment of certain documentary condition. This method is a compromise between buyer and seller because it affords certain advantages to both parties. The exporter is assured of receiving payment from the issuing bank as long as it presents documents in accordance with the L/C. An important feature of an L/C is that the issuing bank is obligated to honor drawings under the L/C regardless of the buyer’s ability or willingness to pay. On the other hand, the importer  does not have to pay for the goods until shipment has been made and the documents are presented in good order.Documentary credit are recommended for new or less established trade relationships because the buyer’s bank is there to guarantee for both exporters (that payment will be made) and importers (that the terms of the contract are met). First step of Documentary Credit process is contract between buyer and seller where it is decided that payment will be made through L/C. Then the importer approaches to a bank (Issuing Bank) to issue L/C. Issuing bank is a bank that issues letters of credit (L/C).If the bank agrees on financing terms then L/C is issued by the issuing bank and sends to the exporter (Beneficiary). While sending L/C, issuing bank generally uses the services of a bank known as Advising Bank. Advising Bank is the bank using the service of which issuing bank advices credit to the exporter on behalf of importer. Advising Bank is selected by the Issuing Bank.After receiving L/C exporter makes shipment and prepare do cuments to submit to the issuing bank or its agent (Nominated Bank). Nominated Bank is the bank nominated by the issuing bank at the counter of which documents may be submitted by the exporter in addition to the counter of issuing bank. Nominated bank is selected by the preference of exporter. After the submission of documents to the Nominated Bank or Issuing Bank, documents are examined to a certain ‘Complying Presentation’. Complying Presentation means the documents submitted are in order. Documents are complying if these are in accordance with L/C terms and conditions, UCP 600 and ISBP 681.The concept of Complying Presentation is particularly important for the examination of documents by the bank and also for the exporter for preparation of the documents. If the documents are in order, there could be negotiation or honor. Negotiation is performed by the Nominated Bank through purchasing or discounting of documents without the consent of Issuing Bank which is a financ ing technique. When Nominated Bank negotiate documents it is known as Negotiating Bank. Honor means payment. If payment is occurred by issuing bank then it will be honor. Honor could be at sight, deferred basis, or acceptance basis.Following negotiation or honor documents are forwarded to the Issuing Bank for reimbursement. Issuing Bank is supposed to examine documents and makes arrangement for making payment. Issuing Bank makes reimbursement to the Nominated Bank by using the service of Reimbursing Bank. Then finally, documents are handled to the importer and  then, goods are released by the importer. After that importer make payment to the issuing bank for settlement.From above discussion we can find some responsibilities of issuing bank: Issuance of L/C and making arrangement for advising. Amendment of L/C if required. Examination of documents and honoring document. Making reimbursement to the nominated bank.In international trade transaction there are various types of Letters of credit (L/C) is used. Broadly there are two types of Letters of credit.i. Revocable Letters of credit ii. Irrevocable Letters of credit.If any Letter of Credit can be amendment or changed of any clause or canceled by consent of the exporter and importer, it is known as Revocable Letter of Credit. In case of seller (beneficiary), revocable credit involves risk, as the credit may be amended or cancelled while the goods are in transit and before the documents are presented, or although presented before payments has been made. The seller would then face the problem of obtaining payment on the other hand revocable credit gives the buyer maximum flexibility, as it can be amended or cancelled without prior notice to the seller up to the moment of payment buy the issuing bank at which the issuing bank has made the credit available. In the modern banking the use of revocable credit is not widespread.If any Letter of Credit cannot be amendment or changed of  any clause without the consen t of all concern parties – importer (applicant), exporter (beneficiary), Issuing Bank, and Confirming Bank (in case of confirmed L/C), is known as Irrevocable Letter of Credit. An Irrevocable Letter of Credit constitutes a firm undertaking by the issuing bank to make payment. It, therefore, gives the beneficiary a high degree of assurance that he/she will pay to his/her goods or services provided he/she complies with terms of the credit. There are also some special types of L/C such as: Transferable L/C, Back to back L/C, Revolving L/C, Confirm L/C, Red clause L/C, and Standby L/C.The main modes of international trade are export and import. Both of them required financing in order to complete the export and import process properly. Trade financing is financing either to the exporters or to the importers. Exporters use different methods of financing international trade, depending upon the resources they have available and the transactional risk they are able to absorb. Broadly financing is two types: Export financing and Import financing. Export financing means financing facilities to the exporter and financing facilities to the importer is called import financing. Exporters need financing facilities at two stages: i. Pre shipment stageii. Post shipment stage Pre-shipment finance for exporters is the finance required to bring an export transaction to the point of shipment – either to manufacture, process, or purchase merchandise and commodities for shipment overseas. Pre Shipment Finance is issued by a financial institution when the sellers want the payment of the goods before shipment. The main objectives behind Pre-shipment finance or Pre-export finance is to enable exporter to: Procure raw materials.Carry out manufacturing process. Provide a secure warehouse for goods and raw materials. Process and pack the goods. Ship the goods to the buyers. Meet other financial cost of the business. Pre-shipment financing is especially important to smaller e nterprises because the international sales cycle is usually longer than the domestic sales  cycle. Pre-shipment financing can take in the form of short term loans, overdrafts and cash credits. Packing credit, back to back L/C, red clause L/C etc. are the example of pre shipment export financing. Packing Credit is a pre shipment credit offer to the exporters to meet expenses related to the preparation of goods and transportation. It is especially needed when inputs for production must be imported. It also provides additional working capital for the exporter.Post Shipment Finance is a kind of loan provided by a financial institution to an exporter or seller against a shipment that has already been made. This type of export finance is granted from the date of extending the credit after shipment of the goods to the realization date of the exporter proceeds. Exporters don’t wait for the importer to deposit the funds. Negotiation or purchasing is the example of post shipment expo rt financing. As like as export financing, import financing also two types: i. Pre import financingii. Post import financing. Pre import financing means financing before buying goods from exporter. L/C is the example of pre import financing which is not covered by the margin. Post Import Financing means financing after shipment of goods arrived. Once shipment of goods arrived, importer may lack the necessary liquidity to pay their issuing bank immediately. The bank can provide them the post import financing facilities. PAD (Payment Against Document), LIM (Loan against Imported Merchandise), LTR (Loan against Trust Receipt), all are the example of post import financing. PAD is created by the issuing bank at the time of making payment to the exporter on behalf of importer. If PAD is not cleared in due time then bank canceled it and convert PAD to LIM.International Trade Payment and Finance Practice of Bangladesh In the context of Bangladesh, Documentary Credit is the most popular and widely used for making import payments from Bangladesh. In 2012, 85% of import payments from the country are made through letter of credit. The other two methods- open account and documentary collection are used 3% and 10% for international trade payment respectively.Because of domestic regulation (Import policy order 2009-2012) on import of Bangladesh cash in advance is less used in Bangladesh. It is used 2% in our country for make payment against  international trade. In case of export, 30% of payments were received through Documentary Collection, and 65% of payments were received through Documentary Credit. Cash in advanced is used to make domestic trade payment in Bangladesh. As like other countries cash in advance is the least popular method of trade payment in Bangladesh in international trade payment. It is used 2% in our country for make payment against international trade. Open account is the most popular method of trade payment around the world. It is used more than 85% in international transaction. But in case of Bangladesh it is used only 3% of total received payment of export. Bangladesh Trade 2012Import Export Cash In Advance 2% Cash In Advance 2% Open Account 3% Open Account 3% Documentary Collection 10%Documentary Collection 30% Documentary Credit 85% Documentary Credit 65%Source: BIBM Report 2012 So it can be said that most of the export and import transactions of Bangladesh are dominantly settled by documentary credit. The result is that the businesses are paying high for their transaction settlement. As documentary credit has involvements of different parties namely the nominating bank, the reimbursing bank, the confirming bank etc. Some of them are involved only to ensure the creditworthiness of the issuing bank against a certain percentage of commission. Another reason could be that the sovereign rating is lower than that in some countries in LDC group.Although there is specific guidelines published by the International Chamber of Commer ce (Such as UCP-600, ISP98), documentary credit is an inefficient process in terms of time. As a result the businesses of our country are losing their advantage over those of some countries under the class of  developing countries. As any L/C opened in our country has to comply with domestic regulations, guidelines on foreign exchange transactions along with Foreign Exchange (FE) circulars issued by Bangladesh Bank and the Import Policy Order and the Export Policy Order of the country are followed, these issues effect scrutinizing of import documents.However, it is to be remembered that whenever an L/C is established only the ‘L/C terms’ are ‘terms’ and only they are to be considered for examining a set of import documents. As per article 14 of the UCP 600 any bank shall have a maximum of five banking days following the day of receiving of the document to determine if a presentation is complying. In some banks there is a practice of sending the discrepanc y notices within 2-3 days after receiving the documents. Banks consider the act as a protective measure on their part. Charging of discrepancy fee appears to be another reason of such practice.Banks have been observed to approach to the importers to get their opinion before rejecting the documents. In regard to discrepancies, late shipment, late presentation, expiry of the L/C are very common. Other than some exception, whatever we import, we have to follow L/C for making payment. But the margin of L/C is very high for importer in Bangladesh. Margin means the amount of money paid by importer against opening a L/C. More over the repayment of L/C financing is also satisfactory. L/C is a payment technique but it also has financing component. Banks in Bangladesh also provide finance to importer through L/C to facilitate international business.In the financial year July 2010 – June 2011 the total amount of L/C opened in Bangladesh was Taka 38,582.35. Total import payments of Bangl adesh in the financial year July 2010 – June 2011 were Tk. 240,027.90. Total export receipts of Bangladesh (including exports of EPZ) during the financial years, 2010-2011 and 2009-2010 amounted to Tk. 145,007.60 and Tk. 102,148.2 respectively. Total import payments of Bangladesh (including EPZ) during the quarter July 2010-June 2011 stood at Tk. 240,027.9 (or US$ 8,788.5 million).Concluding Remarks One of the most important challenges for traders involved in a transaction is to secure financing so that the transaction may actually take place. So Bangladesh Bank imposed regulation to import through LC but most of the export payment is done by documentary collection.The faster and easier the  process of financing an international transaction, the more trade will be facilitated. Traders require working capital (i.e., short-term financing) to support their trading activities. Exporters will usually require financing to process or manufacture products for the export market befo re receiving payment. In Bangladesh the trade finance is depend upon bankers and importers relationship. Therefore, Bangladesh governments should provide assistance and support in terms of export financing and development of an efficient financial infrastructure.